Taodah tyhpa hawhta B.D. (Bachelor of Divinity) Course liata Thesis he Subject 2 vyuhpa ta Final Year ko liata ro tyhpa cha ta. Kei chhao ta pacha na ta, he daihti ryhpaohpa hmapa ta Mararah chata Thesis sakha roh hra awpa ta a vaw patohpatia na ta, cha cha Abeipa chhihthana nata, Awnanopa nata viasazy thlahchhakheina zawhzi ta ei patlo thei haw hra. A biepipa (Topic) cha "The Impacts of the British Colonialism in Socio-economic, Political, Cultural and Religious Life on the Mara Community of Mizoram" tahpa a cha.
He liana heta British ryureina tawhta eima rah hmahsienazy, hmopha leipa atlokheipazy alaichadaina cha via chai ta. Thesis hropazy nata alyuna hluhpi y hra. Anodeikuala he Thesis heta a reipakawh chaipa cha, British ryureina vata Maraland pachhaihpa a peinazie zy, British ryureina ta eima Missionary zy chata lathloh phapa a vaw taotuhpa ama chana zy, India rah liata baipa (West Maraland) vata hmahsienazy, Mizoram State liata eima ypa vata disaopa eima chana nata rairunazy ropa a cha.
He ei Thesis he B.D ei chu thei nawpa ta na baokha chaituhpa nata khizaw liata ei kyhpacha chaipa ei lahpino, Lalhmangaihpari nata sawchano kho ngaitapazy - Judith Byhnaso Azyu nata Jemimah Byhnadaorili Azyu zy chata hla na ta. Ei chuna daihti liata thlah na chhakheituhpa zydua hnohta Abeipa moh ta alyna bie ei reih hmeiseih. Ary liana heta Thesis liata Acknowledgement nata Contents ei vaw soh.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I thank God for all his
providences, guidance and for leading me throughout my entire study and for
being the master guide throughout the time of writing this thesis.
I am
deeply obligated to my staff guide Rev. Dr. BL Nongbri for his guidance and
advice.
My
sincere thanks go to the entire faculty members of John Roberts’ Theological
Seminary for granting me to write this thesis for my degree course.
I
am deeply grateful to ECM Assembly for sponsoring me throughout my theological
journey, and also to my church, Khopai Local Church for their unceasing prayer
support in my entire ministry and study.
I am
very thankful to Rev. Malwin Passah, Lecturer and my mentor Rev. Dr. Laiu
Fachhai for his help and providing materials during the writing of this thesis,
and also to Rev. VL Ngaia Hlychho, ES for his encouragement.
My
sincere gratitude goes to my beloved wife, Lalhmangaihpari who supports me in
all my financial needs and everything. And I give thanks also to all her
brothers and sisters for their patiently bearing and looking after my family.
The
last, but not the least, I also express my gratitude to my Mom and Dad, brothers
and sisters for their support, constant prayers, ardent care throughout my
life.
May God Bless
Shillong,
2012 A.Zawngia
................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Statement
of Problems
2. Elaboration
3. Previous
Research
4. Purpose
of Study
5. Scope
and Limitation
6.Methodology
CHAPTER
– I: The People and Geographical Setting of Maraland
1.1.
The People
1.1.1.
Their Origin and Migration
1.1.2.
The Maras as Lakher, Shendoos, Shandhu,
Miram, etc.
1.1.3.
The Maras as Zo, Mizo and Chin
1.1.4.
The Maras as Maras
1.1.5.
The Sub-Tribes
1.2. The Land
1.2.1.
Topography
1.2.2.
Climate
1.2.3.
Rivers
1.2.4.
Mountains
1.2.5.
Forests
CHAPTER
–II: Mara Society before British Colonialism
2.1. Social Condition
2.1.1.
Village
2.1.2.
Family
2.1.3.
Marriage
2.1.4.
Divorce
2.1.5.
Clans and Kinship
2.1.6.
Slavery
2.1.7.
Position of Women in Society
2.2.
Economic Condition
2.2.1.
Agriculture
2.2.2.
Trade and Currency
2.2.3.
Land
2.2.4.
Occupation
2.2.5.
Livestock
2.3.
Political Condition
2.3.1.
Territories and villages
2.3.2.
Political Administration
2.3.3.
Chieftainship
2.4.
Cultural Condition
2.4.1.
Inheritance
2.4.2.
Language
2.4.3.
Ceremonies
2.4.4.
Dances and Songs
2.5.
Religious Condition
2.5.1.
Supreme Being and Spirit
2.5.2.
Sacrifice and Rituals
2.5.3.
Taboos and Superstitions
2.5.4.
Life after Death
CHAPTER
– III: British Colonialism and its Impacts of Mara Community
3.1.
The Causes led to British Colonialism in Maraland
3.1.1.
Confusion about the Maras and the Lais
3.1.2.
Raids on Hlengreng and Chittagong Hills
3.1.3.
Raids on the British Outpost and Murder of British Personnel
3.1.4.
Raids on Prenkyne and Lialai Villages
3.1.5. Raids on
Lialai and Paitha Villages
3.2. The impacts of the Colonialism and Changes
3.2.1. The impacts in Political Life and Division of
Maraland
3.2.1.1. Political Administration
3.2.1.2. Division of
Political Boundary
3.2.2. Impacts
in Social Life
3.2.2.1. Peace
3.2.2.2. Abolition of Slavery
3.2.2.3. Impacts on Common Life
3.2.3.
Impacts in Economic Life
3.2.3.1. Shifting to Money Culture
3.2.3.2. Change in Occupation
3.2.4.
Impacts on Religious Life
3.2.4.1. The Lakher Pioneer Mission and
Missionaries
3.2.4.2. Mission School and Education in
Maraland
3.2.4.3. Medical Dispensaries
3.2.4.4. Sunday School
3.2.4.5. Vocational Training School
3.2.4.6. Growth of Christianity
3.2.5.
Impacts in Cultural Life
3.2.5.1. Development in Literature
3.2.5.2. Common Language
3.2.5.3. Change in Ceremonies
3.2.5.4. Change in Marriage System
3.2.5.5. Rites and Rituals
CHAPTER
– IV: Impacts of Colonialism in the Post-Colonial Period: After Indian
Independence till Today (1947- till Date)
4.1.
History Connection between the Colonial and Post-Colonial Period
4.1.1.
Demand for Lakher Hills District
4.1.2.
End of British Rule
4.2.
Political Development in West Maraland
4.2.1.
Ban of the Chief
4.2.2.
Pawi-Lakher Regional Council
4.2.3.
The Conflicts between the Lais and the Maras
4.2.4.
Mara Autonomous District Council
4.2.5.
Political Roles in State Level
4.2.6.
Political Roles in Union Level
4.2.7.
Political Parties
4.2.8.
Demand for Union Territory
4.3.
Changes in Social Life
4.3.1.
Change in Village Life and Houses
4.3.2.
Development in Education
4.3.3.
Development and Roles of Media and Mass Communication
4.3.4.
Development in Transportation and Communicating
System
4.3.5. The Position of Women
4.4. Changes in
Economic Life
4.4.1. Service and Job
Opportunities
4.4.2. Industries and
Private Firms
4.4.3. Agriculture
Sector
4.4.4. Projects under
Government
4.5.
Changes in Cultural Life
4.5.1. Inheritance
4.5.2. Change in Songs
and Music
4.5.3. Development in
Literature
4.5.4. Change in Life
Style and Fashion
4.5.6. Change in
Marriage System
4.5.7. Renovation of
Cultural Dance, Festival and Ceremonies
4.6. Changes in
Religious Belief and Tradition
4.6.1. Limitation of
Hope
4.6.2. Disappearance of
Fear and Superstition
4.6.3. Christianity as
the Main Source of Blessing
4.7. The Growth of
Christianity and the Splits
4.7.1. The Growth of
the Church
4.7.2. Name, Division
and Split in the Church
4.7.3.
Unity of the Church in Maraland
4.8. The Maras under
Mizoram: Advantages and Disadvantages
4.8.1. Christianity
through Mizos’ Missionaries
4.8.2. The Churches in
Mizoram as Good Partners and Encouragers
4.8.3. Peaceful State
4.8.4. Problems of
Mizonization
4.8.5. Discrimination
in Mizoram
4.8.5.1.
Recruitment of Jobs
4.8.5.2.
Distribution of Funds and Schemes
4.8.5.3.
Negligence in Distribution of Basic Needs
4.8.5.4.
Educational and Medical Facilities
4.8.5.5.
Controversies over the Maras as Mizos
CHAPTER – V: Conclusion
3 comments:
Arohna dah cha. Na tao pha kaw. Na hriapasana he amopatlah a cha hmeiseih. Na mentor nazy chhao ama taopha ngaita; a eihpachaipa ta Rev. Dr. Laiu Fachhai zy na kiahpa liata a ypa he vahnei achhih kawna.
Paloh hmeiseihpa ta chalykhei na ta, na thesis chhao he Mara sawzy chata RYU sakha a cha. Na sie laih lyma n'awpa liata ei khokheina chahla na ta, Khazohpa ta chahmah pazao lyma mawh sy. Congratulations!!!
Ei uta Judith paw,thokha hluhpi ta chabu roh papua hra awpazy kho kaw hra ei sila,akhohpa maih ta eima roh theileipa hry liata he hawhta Marasaw chata Ryu atlohpha awpa navaw rihpatlo thei hapa he ei chalykhei ngai ta kaw. Rei nawpa chhao angiatiah vana. Hmiala daihti liata Marasaw chata hmo na taona kyh nata Abeipa na chakao lyma nawpa kyh liata Abeipata tha a cha patlo via lyma awpata khokheina ei cha hla hra.
Dear Maraland fan nata Palua, na khokheina vaw hmo na ta, ei chaly hmeiseih ei. Atahma no exam awpa ei chapa vata blog chhao vaw moh hma tyh leipa na ta, atanoh he nama comment ei vaw hmopa heta alyna thata ei na pie. Maraland nata literature kyh a pachatuhpa viasa pha ngaita ei cha hneipa ei he, ei thlah na paloh hmeiseih ta, thathyuna thata ei na pie. Abeipa ta namo chhao nama raihriana liata khihsana liata Abeipa byhna thata cha pie hra mawh ei se.
By A.Zawngia
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